Boi Boi Apprenticeship System and Economic Empowerment of Youth in the South-East, Nigeria

Japhet O. Nnaeto & Glory O. Nwagwu

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Abstract

This study investigated the impact, key challenges, and prospects of the boiboi apprenticeship system, a traditional Igbo model of vocational mentorship crucial for youth economic empowerment in South-East Nigeria. Based on respondent data, the system enjoyed nearunanimous public endorsement for its economic utility: a resounding 97.9% affirmed the importance of acquired trade knowledge, and 90.5% recognised its contribution to youth financial independence and unemployment reduction. However, these positive perceptions are severely offset by deep-seated structural and social challenges. Findings highlighted widespread issues such as stigmatisation of apprentices, strained mentor-apprentice relationships, and inadequate compensation. The system also suffers from limited female participation, poor rural engagement, and a lack of protective legal frameworks. Crucially, 92.3% of respondents strongly advocated government intervention to formally recognise and protect the system, signalling a profound desire for institutional support. The study concluded that while the boiboi model remains an economically vital institution, its long-term sustainability is threatened by its informal structure and adverse societal perceptions. Therefore, policy integration was recommended to strengthen its pivotal role in national development and youth employment.

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